Covenant in Horeb; Ten Commandments Recounted
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Moses called to all Israel, and said to them, "Hear, Israel, the statutes and the ordinances which I speak in your ears today, that you may learn them, and observe to do them."
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The LORD our God made a covenant with us in Horeb.
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The LORD didn't make this covenant with our fathers, but with us, even us, who are all of us here alive today.
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The LORD spoke with you face to face on the mountain out of the middle of the fire,
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(I stood between the LORD and you at that time, to show you The LORD's word: for you were afraid because of the fire, and didn't go up onto the mountain;) saying,
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"I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
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"You shall have no other gods before me.
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"You shall not make an engraved image for yourself, any likeness of what is in heaven above, or what is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.
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You shall not bow yourself down to them, nor serve them; for I, The LORD, your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, and on the third and on the fourth generation of those who hate me;
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and showing loving kindness to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
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"You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain: for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
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"Observe the Sabbath day, to keep it holy, as the LORD your God commanded you.
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You shall labor six days, and do all your work;
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but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God, in which you shall not do any work, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your ox, nor your donkey, nor any of your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates; that your male servant and your female servant may rest as well as you.
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You shall remember that you were a servant in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out of there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm. Therefore the LORD your God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day.
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"Honor your father and your mother, as the LORD your God commanded you; that your days may be long, and that it may go well with you, in the land which the LORD your God gives you.
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"You shall not murder.
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"You shall not commit adultery.
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"You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
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"You shall not covet your neighbor's wife. Neither shall you desire your neighbor's house, his field, or his male servant, or his female servant, his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor's."
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The LORD spoke these words to all your assembly on the mountain out of the middle of the fire, of the cloud, and of the thick darkness, with a great voice. He added no more. He wrote them on two stone tablets, and gave them to me.
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When you heard the voice out of the middle of the darkness, while the mountain was burning with fire, you came near to me, even all the heads of your tribes, and your elders;
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and you said, "Behold, the LORD our God has shown us his glory and his greatness, and we have heard his voice out of the middle of the fire. We have seen today that God does speak with man, and he lives.
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Now therefore why should we die? For this great fire will consume us. If we hear the LORD our God's voice any more, then we shall die.
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For who is there of all flesh, that has heard the voice of the living God speaking out of the middle of the fire, as we have, and lived?
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Go near, and hear all that the LORD our God shall say, and tell us all that the LORD our God tells you; and we will hear it, and do it."
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The LORD heard the voice of your words, when you spoke to me; and the LORD said to me, "I have heard the voice of the words of this people, which they have spoken to you. They have well said all that they have spoken.
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Oh that there were such a heart in them, that they would fear me, and keep all my commandments always, that it might be well with them, and with their children forever!
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"Go tell them, 'Return to your tents.'
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But as for you, stand here by me, and I will tell you all the commandment, and the statutes, and the ordinances, which you shall teach them, that they may do them in the land which I give them to possess it."
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You shall observe to do therefore as the LORD your God has commanded you. You shall not turn aside to the right hand or to the left.
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You shall walk in all the way which the LORD your God has commanded you, that you may live, and that it may be well with you, and that you may prolong your days in the land which you shall possess.
Exhortation to Obedience and Prosperity
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Now this is the commandment, the statutes, and the ordinances, which the LORD your God commanded to teach you, that you might do them in the land where you go over to possess it;
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that you might fear the LORD your God, to keep all his statutes and his commandments, which I command you; you, and your son, and your son's son, all the days of your life; and that your days may be prolonged.
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Hear therefore, Israel, and observe to do it; that it may be well with you, and that you may increase mightily, as The LORD, the God of your fathers, has promised to you, in a land flowing with milk and honey.
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Hear, Israel: the LORD is our God. the LORD is one.
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You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your might.
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These words, which I command you today, shall be on your heart;
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and you shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise up.
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You shall bind them for a sign on your hand, and they shall be for frontlets between your eyes.
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You shall write them on the door posts of your house, and on your gates.
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It shall be, when the LORD your God brings you into the land which he swore to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give you, great and goodly cities, which you didn't build,
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and houses full of all good things, which you didn't fill, and cisterns dug out, which you didn't dig, vineyards and olive trees, which you didn't plant, and you shall eat and be full;
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then beware lest you forget The LORD, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
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You shall fear the LORD your God; and you shall serve him, and shall swear by his name.
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You shall not go after other gods, of the gods of the peoples who are around you;
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for the LORD your God among you is a jealous God; lest the anger of the LORD your God be kindled against you, and he destroy you from off the face of the earth.
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You shall not tempt the LORD your God, as you tempted him in Massah.
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You shall diligently keep the commandments of the LORD your God, and his testimonies, and his statutes, which he has commanded you.
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You shall do that which is right and good in The LORD's sight; that it may be well with you, and that you may go in and possess the good land which the LORD swore to your fathers,
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to thrust out all your enemies from before you, as the LORD has spoken.
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When your son asks you in time to come, saying, "What do the testimonies, the statutes, and the ordinances, which the LORD our God has commanded you mean?"
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then you shall tell your son, "We were Pharaoh's slaves in Egypt. the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand;
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and the LORD showed great and awesome signs and wonders on Egypt, on Pharaoh, and on all his house, before our eyes;
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and he brought us out from there, that he might bring us in, to give us the land which he swore to our fathers.
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The LORD commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear the LORD our God, for our good always, that he might preserve us alive, as we are today.
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It shall be righteousness to us, if we observe to do all this commandment before the LORD our God, as he has commanded us."
Warnings and Rewards for Driving out Nations
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When the LORD your God brings you into the land where you go to possess it, and casts out many nations before you, the Hittite, the Girgashite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, seven nations greater and mightier than you;
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and when the LORD your God delivers them up before you, and you strike them; then you shall utterly destroy them. You shall make no covenant with them, nor show mercy to them;
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neither shall you make marriages with them. You shall not give your daughter to his son, nor shall you take his daughter for your son.
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For he will turn away your son from following me, that they may serve other gods. So The LORD's anger would be kindled against you, and he would destroy you quickly.
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But you shall deal with them like this. You shall break down their altars, dash their pillars in pieces, and cut down their Asherah poles, and burn their engraved images with fire.
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For you are a holy people to the LORD your God. the LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for his own possession, above all peoples who are on the face of the earth.
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The LORD didn't set his love on you, nor choose you, because you were more in number than any people; for you were the fewest of all peoples:
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but because the LORD loves you, and because he desires to keep the oath which he swore to your fathers, the LORD has brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of bondage, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.
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Know therefore that the LORD your God himself is God, the faithful God, who keeps covenant and loving kindness with them who love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations,
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and repays those who hate him to their face, to destroy them. He will not be slack to him who hates him. He will repay him to his face.
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You shall therefore keep the commandments, the statutes, and the ordinances, which I command you today, to do them.
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It shall happen, because you listen to these ordinances, and keep and do them, that the LORD your God will keep with you the covenant and the loving kindness which he swore to your fathers.
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He will love you, bless you, multiply you. He will also bless the fruit of your body and the fruit of your ground, your grain and your new wine and your oil, the increase of your livestock and the young of your flock, in the land which he swore to your fathers to give you.
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You shall be blessed above all peoples. There shall not be male or female barren among you, or among your livestock.
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The LORD will take away from you all sickness; and none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which you know, will he put on you, but will lay them on all those who hate you.
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You shall consume all the peoples whom the LORD your God shall deliver to you. Your eye shall not pity them: neither shall you serve their gods; for that would be a snare to you.
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If you shall say in your heart, "These nations are more than I; how can I dispossess them?"
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you shall not be afraid of them. You shall remember well what the LORD your God did to Pharaoh, and to all Egypt;
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the great trials which your eyes saw, the signs, the wonders, the mighty hand, and the outstretched arm, by which the LORD your God brought you out. So shall the LORD your God do to all the peoples of whom you are afraid.
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Moreover the LORD your God will send the hornet among them, until those who are left, and hide themselves, perish from before you.
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You shall not be scared of them; for the LORD your God is among you, a great and awesome God.
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The LORD your God will cast out those nations before you little by little. You may not consume them at once, lest the animals of the field increase on you.
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But the LORD your God will deliver them up before you, and will confuse them with a great confusion, until they are destroyed.
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He will deliver their kings into your hand, and you shall make their name perish from under the sky. No one will be able to stand before you, until you have destroyed them.
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You shall burn the engraved images of their gods with fire. You shall not covet the silver or the gold that is on them, nor take it for yourself, lest you be snared in it; for it is an abomination to the LORD your God.
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You shall not bring an abomination into your house, and become a devoted thing like it. You shall utterly detest it, and you shall utterly abhor it; for it is a devoted thing.
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You shall observe to do all the commandments which I command you today, that you may live, and multiply, and go in and possess the land which the LORD swore to your fathers.
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You shall remember all the way which the LORD your God has led you these forty years in the wilderness, that he might humble you, to prove you, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep his commandments, or not.
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He humbled you, and allowed you to be hungry, and fed you with manna, which you didn't know, neither did your fathers know; that he might teach you that man does not live by bread only, but man lives by every word that proceeds out of The LORD's mouth.
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Your clothing didn't grow old on you, neither did your foot swell, these forty years.
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You shall consider in your heart that as a man disciplines his son, so the LORD your God disciplines you.
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You shall keep the commandments of the LORD your God, to walk in his ways, and to fear him.
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For the LORD your God brings you into a good land, a land of brooks of water, of springs, and underground water flowing into valleys and hills;
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a land of wheat and barley, and vines and fig trees and pomegranates; a land of olive trees and honey;
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a land in which you shall eat bread without scarceness, you shall not lack anything in it; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills you may dig copper.
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You shall eat and be full, and you shall bless the LORD your God for the good land which he has given you.
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Beware lest you forget the LORD your God, in not keeping his commandments, and his ordinances, and his statutes, which I command you today;
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lest, when you have eaten and are full, and have built fine houses, and lived in them;
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and when your herds and your flocks multiply, and your silver and your gold is multiplied, and all that you have is multiplied;
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then your heart might be lifted up, and you forget the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage;
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who led you through the great and terrible wilderness, with venomous snakes and scorpions, and thirsty ground where there was no water; who poured water for you out of the rock of flint;
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who fed you in the wilderness with manna, which your fathers didn't know; that he might humble you, and that he might prove you, to do you good at your latter end:
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and lest you say in your heart, "My power and the might of my hand has gotten me this wealth."
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But you shall remember the LORD your God, for it is he who gives you power to get wealth; that he may establish his covenant which he swore to your fathers, as it is today.
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It shall be, if you shall forget the LORD your God, and walk after other gods, and serve them, and worship them, I testify against you today that you shall surely perish.
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As the nations that the LORD makes to perish before you, so you shall perish; because you wouldn't listen to the LORD your God's voice.
Reminders of God's Grace; The Golden Calf
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Hear, Israel! You are to pass over the Jordan today, to go in to dispossess nations greater and mightier than yourself, cities great and fortified up to the sky,
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a people great and tall, the sons of the Anakim, whom you know, and of whom you have heard say, "Who can stand before the sons of Anak?"
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Know therefore today, that the LORD your God is he who goes over before you as a devouring fire. He will destroy them, and he will bring them down before you. So you shall drive them out, and make them perish quickly, as the LORD has spoken to you.
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Don't say in your heart, after the LORD your God has thrust them out from before you, saying, "For my righteousness the LORD has brought me in to possess this land"; because the LORD drives them out before you because of the wickedness of these nations.
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Not for your righteousness, or for the uprightness of your heart, do you go in to possess their land; but for the wickedness of these nations the LORD your God does drive them out from before you, and that he may establish the word which the LORD swore to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.
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Know therefore, that the LORD your God doesn't give you this good land to possess for your righteousness; for you are a stiff-necked people.
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Remember, and don't forget, how you provoked the LORD your God to wrath in the wilderness. From the day that you left the land of Egypt, until you came to this place, you have been rebellious against The LORD.
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Also in Horeb you provoked the LORD to wrath, and the LORD was angry with you to destroy you.
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When I had gone up onto the mountain to receive the stone tablets, even the tablets of the covenant which the LORD made with you, then I stayed on the mountain forty days and forty nights. I neither ate bread nor drank water.
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The LORD delivered to me the two stone tablets written with God's finger. On them were all the words which the LORD spoke with you on the mountain out of the middle of the fire in the day of the assembly.
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It came to pass at the end of forty days and forty nights, that the LORD gave me the two stone tablets, even the tablets of the covenant.
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The LORD said to me, "Arise, get down quickly from here; for your people whom you have brought out of Egypt have corrupted themselves. They have quickly turned aside out of the way which I commanded them. They have made a molten image for themselves!"
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Furthermore the LORD spoke to me, saying, "I have seen this people, and behold, it is a stiff-necked people.
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Leave me alone, that I may destroy them, and blot out their name from under the sky; and I will make of you a nation mightier and greater than they."
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So I turned and came down from the mountain, and the mountain was burning with fire. The two tablets of the covenant were in my two hands.
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I looked, and behold, you had sinned against the LORD your God. You had made yourselves a molten calf. You had turned aside quickly out of the way which the LORD had commanded you.
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I took hold of the two tablets, and threw them out of my two hands, and broke them before your eyes.
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I fell down before The LORD, as at the first, forty days and forty nights. I neither ate bread nor drank water, because of all your sin which you sinned, in doing that which was evil in The LORD's sight, to provoke him to anger.
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For I was afraid of the anger and hot displeasure with which the LORD was angry against you to destroy you. But the LORD listened to me that time also.
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The LORD was angry enough with Aaron to destroy him. I prayed for Aaron also at the same time.
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I took your sin, the calf which you had made, and burned it with fire, and crushed it, grinding it very small, until it was as fine as dust. I threw its dust into the brook that descended out of the mountain.
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At Taberah, and at Massah, and at Kibroth Hattaavah, you provoked the LORD to wrath.
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When the LORD sent you from Kadesh Barnea, saying, "Go up and possess the land which I have given you," you rebelled against the commandment of the LORD your God, and you didn't believe him, nor listen to his voice.
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You have been rebellious against the LORD from the day that I knew you.
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So I fell down before the LORD the forty days and forty nights that I fell down, because the LORD had said he would destroy you.
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I prayed to The LORD, and said, "Lord God, don't destroy your people and your inheritance, that you have redeemed through your greatness, that you have brought out of Egypt with a mighty hand.
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Remember your servants, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Don't look at the stubbornness of this people, nor at their wickedness, nor at their sin,
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lest the land you brought us out from say, 'Because the LORD was not able to bring them into the land which he promised to them, and because he hated them, he has brought them out to kill them in the wilderness.'
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Yet they are your people and your inheritance, which you brought out by your great power and by your outstretched arm."
Rewriting of Stone Tablets Recalled
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At that time the LORD said to me, "Cut two stone tablets like the first, and come up to me onto the mountain, and make an ark of wood.
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I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets which you broke, and you shall put them in the ark."
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So I made an ark of acacia wood, and cut two stone tablets like the first, and went up onto the mountain, having the two tablets in my hand.
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He wrote on the tablets, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which the LORD spoke to you on the mountain out of the middle of the fire in the day of the assembly: and the LORD gave them to me.
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I turned and came down from the mountain, and put the tablets in the ark which I had made; and there they are as the LORD commanded me.
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(The children of Israel traveled from Beeroth Bene Jaakan to Moserah. There Aaron died, and there he was buried; and Eleazar his son ministered in the priest's office in his place.
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From there they traveled to Gudgodah; and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, a land of brooks of water.
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At that time the LORD set apart the tribe of Levi, to bear the ark of The LORD's covenant, to stand before the LORD to minister to him, and to bless in his name, to this day.
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Therefore Levi has no portion nor inheritance with his brothers; the LORD is his inheritance, according as the LORD your God spoke to him.)
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I stayed on the mountain, as at the first time, forty days and forty nights: and the LORD listened to me that time also; the LORD would not destroy you.
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The LORD said to me, "Arise, take your journey before the people; and they shall go in and possess the land, which I swore to their fathers to give to them."
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Now, Israel, what does the LORD your God require of you, but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him, and to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul,
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to keep The LORD's commandments and statutes, which I command you today for your good?
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Behold, to the LORD your God belongs heaven and the heaven of heavens, the earth, with all that is therein.
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Only the LORD had a delight in your fathers to love them, and he chose their offspring after them, even you above all peoples, as it is today.
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Circumcise therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiff-necked.
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For the LORD your God, he is God of gods, and Lord of lords, the great God, the mighty, and the awesome, who doesn't respect persons, nor takes reward.
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He does execute justice for the fatherless and widow, and loves the foreigner, in giving him food and clothing.
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Therefore love the foreigner; for you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
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You shall fear the LORD your God; you shall serve him; and you shall cling to him, and you shall swear by his name.
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He is your praise, and he is your God, who has done for you these great and awesome things, which your eyes have seen.
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Your fathers went down into Egypt with seventy persons; and now the LORD your God has made you as the stars of the sky for multitude.
God's Great Blessings for Obedience and Love
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Therefore you shall love the LORD your God, and keep his instructions, his statutes, his ordinances, and his commandments, always.
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Know this day: for I don't speak with your children who have not known, and who have not seen the chastisement of the LORD your God, his greatness, his mighty hand, his outstretched arm,
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his signs, and his works, which he did in the middle of Egypt to Pharaoh the king of Egypt, and to all his land;
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and what he did to the army of Egypt, to their horses, and to their chariots; how he made the water of the Red Sea to overflow them as they pursued you, and how the LORD has destroyed them to this day;
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and what he did to you in the wilderness, until you came to this place;
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and what he did to Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, the son of Reuben; how the earth opened its mouth, and swallowed them up, and their households, and their tents, and every living thing that followed them, in the middle of all Israel;
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but your eyes have seen all of The LORD's great work which he did.
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Therefore you shall keep all the commandment which I command you today, that you may be strong, and go in and possess the land, where you go over to possess it;
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and that you may prolong your days in the land, which the LORD swore to your fathers to give to them and to their offspring, a land flowing with milk and honey.
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For the land, where you go in to possess it, isn't as the land of Egypt, that you came out of, where you sowed your seed, and watered it with your foot, as a garden of herbs;
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but the land, where you go over to possess it, is a land of hills and valleys which drinks water from the rain of the sky,
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a land which the LORD your God cares for. the LORD your God's eyes are always on it, from the beginning of the year even to the end of the year.
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It shall happen, if you shall listen diligently to my commandments which I command you today, to love the LORD your God, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul,
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that I will give the rain of your land in its season, the former rain and the latter rain, that you may gather in your grain, your new wine, and your oil.
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I will give grass in your fields for your livestock, and you shall eat and be full.
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Be careful, lest your heart be deceived, and you turn aside, and serve other gods, and worship them;
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and The LORD's anger be kindled against you, and he shut up the sky, so that there is no rain, and the land doesn't yield its fruit; and you perish quickly from off the good land which the LORD gives you.
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Therefore you shall lay up these my words in your heart and in your soul. You shall bind them for a sign on your hand, and they shall be for frontlets between your eyes.
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You shall teach them your children, talking of them, when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise up.
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You shall write them on the door posts of your house, and on your gates;
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that your days may be multiplied, and the days of your children, in the land which the LORD swore to your fathers to give them, as the days of the heavens above the earth.
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For if you shall diligently keep all these commandments which I command you, to do them, to love the LORD your God, to walk in all his ways, and to cling to him;
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then will the LORD drive out all these nations from before you, and you shall dispossess nations greater and mightier than yourselves.
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Every place whereon the sole of your foot treads shall be yours: from the wilderness, and Lebanon, from the river, the river Euphrates, even to the western sea shall be your border.
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No man will be able to stand before you. the LORD your God will lay the fear of you and the dread of you on all the land that you tread on, as he has spoken to you.
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Behold, I set before you today a blessing and a curse:
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the blessing, if you listen to the commandments of the LORD your God, which I command you today;
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and the curse, if you do not listen to the commandments of the LORD your God, but turn aside out of the way which I command you today, to go after other gods, which you have not known.
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It shall happen, when the LORD your God brings you into the land where you go to possess it, that you shall set the blessing on Mount Gerizim, and the curse on Mount Ebal.
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Aren't they beyond the Jordan, behind the way of the going down of the sun, in the land of the Canaanites who dwell in the Arabah, near Gilgal, beside the oaks of Moreh?
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For you are to pass over the Jordan to go in to possess the land which the LORD your God gives you, and you shall possess it, and dwell therein.
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You shall observe to do all the statutes and the ordinances which I set before you today.